By SEOUL, South Korea — A plan to impeach South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol over his short-lived declaration of martial law has failed after members of his governing party left parliament on Saturday ahead of the planned vote.
Lawmakers from the People Power Party (PPP) were shouted and cursed at as they left en masse after voting on a separate motion, leaving the 192 opposition lawmakers eight votes short of the two-thirds majority needed for the impeachment motion to succeed.
Opposition lawmakers had said that if the impeachment motion didn’t pass they would come back to it on Wednesday, amid simmering public anger over Yoon’s bewildering order, which plunged the East Asian democracy and key U.S. ally into chaos.
Earlier Saturday, Yoon apologized for his actions in a brief nationally televised address, saying they “stemmed from the urgency” he felt as president but “caused anxiety and inconvenience to the public.”
An image of South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol is raised during a candlelight rally in Seoul on Thursday.Anthony Wallace / AFP – Getty Images
“I deeply regret this and sincerely apologize to the citizens who were alarmed,” he said.
“I will not evade the legal and political responsibility regarding this declaration of martial law,” Yoon continued, speaking for a total of just over two minutes before deeply bowing his head before cameras.
He said he would not declare martial law a second time, a concern that had been expressed by some opposition lawmakers, and that his party would decide how long he should stay in office and how state affairs would be managed.
Han Dong-hoon, the leader of the PPP, urged Yoon to step down, telling reporters after the address that it had become “impossible” for him to carry out his normal presidential duties.
Lee Jae-myung, leader of the liberal opposition Democratic Party and Yoon’s rival in the 2022 presidential election, described the president’s address as “very disappointing.”
“President Yoon’s statement was completely out of touch with the public’s expectations and further fueled a sense of betrayal,” Lee said.
“There is no other way but to leave office early.”
Protesters scuffling with police officers outside the headquarters of Yoon’s People Power Party in Seoul on Friday. Ezra Acayan / Getty Images
Six opposition parties began impeachment proceedings against Yoon this week. The opposition bloc holds 192 of the unicameral legislature’s 300 seats, just under the two-thirds majority needed for the motion to pass.
But the conservative PPP also remained formally opposed to a bill appointing a special prosecutor to investigate corruption allegations involving Yoon’s wife. That bill was narrowly voted down on Saturday before PPP lawmakers left the chamber.
Opposition lawmakers, by contrast, are adamant that Yoon be removed from office, as is much of the public. Large crowds of protesters have called for Yoon’s ouster, while smaller ones have rallied in support of him.
“You don’t and cannot apologize only with words after attempting to stage martial law. The only way for President Yoon Suk Yeol to mean his apology is to resign now,” Seoul resident Margie Kim said after Yoon’s address.
A Gallup Korea poll released on Friday showed Yoon’s approval rating at 13%, The Korea Times reported, down from 19% a week earlier.
Lee, the Democratic Party leader, said Yoon’s “unconstitutional and illegal declaration of martial law” had caused chaos and fear in the country of 50 million people, which spent decades under military-authoritarian rule before transitioning into a vibrant democracy and the world’s 10th-largest economy.
“The democracy of this nation that has been achieved through blood, sweat and tears is now being wrecked by an unruly power, and our people have suffered serious wounds to their national dignity and pride,” he said Friday.
Lee also expressed concern about how the martial law declaration might affect South Korea’s relations with the U.S., noting that meetings of the U.S.-South Korea Nuclear Consultative Group that were planned in Washington this week had been postponed amid the turmoil.
“Our national credibility, as well as diplomacy, has been severely impacted,” he said.
Biden administration officials said they were not notified in advance that Yoon would declare martial law. But they have repeatedly reaffirmed the “ironclad” nature of the U.S. alliance with South Korea, which it views as an important bulwark against North Korea, China and Russia, and which hosts almost 30,000 American troops.
South Korea is facing significant political turmoil after Yoon declared martial law, only to lift the order hours later.Ezra Acayan / Getty Images
The U.S. relationship with South Korea “transcends any particular president or government on both sides of the Pacific Ocean,” State Department deputy spokesperson Vedant Patel said Thursday.
Before his address on Saturday, Yoon, 63, a former chief prosecutor who took office in 2022, had not made any public appearances since lifting the martial law order early Wednesday after lawmakers defied a security cordon to enter the National Assembly building and voted unanimously to reject it.
Since then, he has accepted the resignation of his defense minister Kim Yong-hyun, who said he took full responsibility for what happened. Many other officials, including Yoon’s chief of staff and all senior presidential secretaries, have also tendered their resignations.
South Korean police and prosecutors are investigating claims of insurrection and treason against Yoon, Kim and Interior Minister Lee Sang-min. The Ministry of National Defense has also suspended three top commanders from duty and requested overseas travel bans for them, Kim and seven other active-duty military officers.
Military officers and government officials described a chaotic six hours from the time Yoon declared martial law around 10:30 p.m. Tuesday to the time he lifted the order around 4:30 a.m. Wednesday. Many of them said they learned about the martial law order, South Korea’s first since 1980, from Yoon’s surprise TV address or from news reports.
In his address, Yoon accused the opposition-controlled parliament of paralyzing the government by seeking the impeachment of multiple government officials and slashing critical funding from next year’s national budget. He also accused his opponents of sympathizing with nuclear-armed North Korea, its reclusive communist neighbor that the South technically remains at war with.
A martial law proclamation issued after Yoon’s address banned all political activity, including demonstrations, and censored the news media. It also ordered the country’s striking doctors to return to work within 48 hours.
Officials said Friday that Yoon had ordered the arrest of prominent politicians including Lee, the leader of the Democratic Party, and Han, the leader of Yoon’s own party, along with other opposition lawmakers, a journalist, a former Supreme Court justice and a former Supreme Court chief justice.
Yoon’s office has not commented on the allegations.
Stella Kim reported from Seoul, and Jennifer Jett from Hong Kong.
